Сучасний стан проблеми ефективності психотерапії

Abstract

Оцінювання ефективності психотерапії – важке завдання, оскільки потрібно враховувати одразу кілька змінних. Інша проблема такого оцінювання – вимірювання його результату, особливо за використання різних видів психотерапії та відсутності на практиці науково обґрунтованих методів оцінювання ефективності психотерапевтичного процесу. Отже, ця проблема є актуальною як в академічній, так і прикладній психології. В статті підбито підсумки досліджень процесу психотерапії та її ефективності. Їх можна систематизувати в кількох напрямках: а) оцінювання результатів психотерапії та її ефективності; б) фактори, що впливають на результати ефективності терапії.

Evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy is a difficult task since you need to consider multiple variables. Another issue of such an assessment is measuring its results, particularly using different types of psychotherapy and the lack of evidence-based methods for evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic process in practice. So, the problem is relevant in academic and applied psychology. This article summarizes the research process and its therapy effectiveness. These results can be systematized in several ways: a) evaluation of therapy and its effectiveness; b) factors affecting the results of treatment efficiency. Psychotherapy has many hypothetical assumptions that are difficult to confirm experimentally. This is mainly due to the fact that interpersonal relationships, psychotherapy is based on, have different variables which are not measured. There are no standard criteria for successful therapy. Until now, each research group creates its own criteria and procedures for the measurement. The main problem of the evaluation of psychotherapy is an outcome measurement, i.e. how to decide whether the therapy has helped a person. You can not rely on your own evaluation of the individual. Sometimes people say that they feel better just to please their practitioner or convince themselves that they haven’t wasted money. The assessment of treating by the physician as successful one is not always possible to consider to be the objective criteria. A therapist has a legitimate interest to announce that the customer feels better. And sometimes changes can be observed by the therapist during sessions, can not just be transferred to real life situations. Experience strongly suggests the necessity to include other criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy. Such criteria can be the following: 1) the level of symptomatic improvement; 2) the level of patient understanding of psychological mechanisms; 3) the level of restoration of the broken personal relationship; 4) the level of improvement of individual’s social functioning