Методи переоцінювання заставного майна за іпотечними кредитами банку

Abstract

Досліджено методи, які можуть використовуватися при переоцінюванні заставного майна за іпотечними кредитами банку. Проаналізовано переваги та недоліки методів переоцінювання заставного майна: індексного та методу прямого оцінювання. Визначено переваги та недоліки методів розрахунку індексів цін на нерухомість. Обґрунтовано застосування методу гедоністичної регресії з метою переоцінювання заставного майна за іпотечними кредитами банку.

A need for regular reassessment of collateral for bank mortgage loans is stipulated by objective conditions of functioning of real estate market, causing constant fluctuations in value of real estate and NBU requirements. Revaluation of collateral for bank mortgage loans can be carried out independently by bank employees who have qualification certificate of assessor, or with assistance of external experts – assessors. The first method is usually less expensive for the bank, but due to lack of clear recommendations on conducting revaluation of collateral for mortgage loans it requires banks to determine independently what methods to use for its implementation. The article investigates methods that can be used for reassessment of collateral for bank mortgage loans; among them index method and method of direct assessment were selected. Both methods should be used by the bank: first for the mortgaged property, which has an active market, and the second – for that, which does not have such market. Taking into account the fact that mortgage portfolios of banks comprise most of land and typical residential property with many analogues on the market, index method is most appropriate during their revaluation. Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of these methods has shown that nowadays index method is more appropriate for banks, primarily because of the ease, speed of using and low cost. In the absence of generally available indices of property values for using the index method of reassessment of collateral for mortgage loans banks may use the following methods for calculating price indices: stratification, hedonic regression, re-sale and using information about property evaluation. The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and proved that the method of hedonistic regression is most appropriate for reassessment of collateral for bank mortgage loans, it allows banks to consider of individual properties of real estate and evaluate the impact of these properties on its price, and therefore most accurately determine market value of mortgage property.