Специфічність трансакційних витрат як один з ключових факторів існування тіньового сектора господарства в країнах посттрансформаційної економіки

Abstract

Розглянуто поняття трансакційних витрат у контексті розбудови інституційної архітектури країн посттрансформаційної (перехідної) економіки та їх специфічний вплив на формування тіньового сектора їх господарства.

The transaction costs concerning the development of transition countries institutional architecture and their impact on the shadow economic sector are described in the article. The various theoretical approaches to the definition of transaction costs are presented. The reasons of the shadow economy existence in transition economies and its functional role in the process of dynamic development are analyzed. An attempt to identify the key factors that influence the level of transaction costs and the degree of their impact on the national economy is made. According to the experience of developed countries it is found that the process of transaction costs optimization foresees not the complete disappearance of transactional sector (as it is not possible), but its growth which will be accompanied by the improvement of indicators characterizing the efficiency of the economic model of the country’s development. In this context it is possible to suggest to use a system of indirect indicators which are in some way related to the transaction costs of the country and characterize the economic freedom of its entities. Analysis of the shadow economy from the institutional point of view is made. A large volume of transaction costs makes businesses to search for other ways to solve the existing problems. It is because of their striving the shadow economy is turned into a peculiar institution that makes the businesses possible to carry out economic activities more efficiently. The concept of “canning of backwardness” which describes the process of transformation occurring in the countries with transition economy is introduced.