Основні принципи конструювання «умовних механізмів»

Abstract

Розглянуто наявність існування систем певних просторових механізмів, які на відміну від класичних механізмів, призначених для передавання тільки власне руху його складових, повинні виконувати функцію утримання в просторі наперед придбаного статичного положення і, за необхідності, змінювати його під дією зовнішніх сил й утримувати це нове положення після закінчення дії цих сил. Введено поняття «Умовний механізм», наведено конкретні приклади існування двох підкласів цього класу механізмів, які на даний час не класифіковані, недостатньо описані й досліджені. Розглянуто деякі конструктивно-розрахункові схеми і принцип їх роботи. Запропоновано орієнтовну методику розрахунку, сформульовано загальне визначення поняття умовного механізму. Висунуто гіпотезу про побудову деякої частини живої та неживої природи на принципах умовних механізмів, з’єднаних у певні структури.

The article is devoted to the problem of existence of systems of specific spatial mechanisms, which, in contrast to traditional mechanisms intended for putting into motion and moving of various machines or their integral parts, are to perform also other function that is to hold in space a preset static position, and upon necessity, to change the position under action of external forces and then to proceed to hold this new position when action of external forces is stopped. In the article the concept of conditional mechanisms is introduced. As of now, these mechanisms are still not considered as mechanisms themselves. Thus they are still unclassified, insufficiently described and studied. In the article the real examples of existence of two subclasses of such class of mechanisms are provided. There were considered their both construction and calculation schemes, provided a method for their indicative calculation and provided a principle for their functioning. The details of the conditional mechanisms are specified as follows: The conditional spatial swivel mechanism is formed in folded, bent or crossed areas of a plate or a membrane. It exists in the form of an incomplete, conditional swivel. This enables to create different structural and constructional schemes, to join through them the mechanisms of such type and of same profile into a large spatial formation, to allow limited movement of kinematic pairs under action of external forces, to change a spatial position of whole mechanism or its separate elements, and to continue to hold any new position when action of external forces is stopped; The conditional spatial mechanism, called as Flexible Column (Pole), consists of a tension spring and a binding with some specific configuration. The binding is twined between the spring coils, splitting them and forming a conditional mechanism in the form of one uninterrupted kinematic pair, made by two mutually closed movable elements, which might change their spatial position due to an action of external forces. In the article the general definition of the concept of a conditional mechanism is duly formed and as well as the hypothesis on creation of some part of animate and inanimate nature, based on the principles of conditional mechanisms joined into specified conditional structures, is put forward.