Вплив комбінованого опромінення на рослини закритого грунту

Abstract

Представлено результати досліджень умов опромінення рослин у закритому ґрунті, проведено аналіз джерел світла з урахуванням спектра випромінювання та його впливу на світлокультуру, наведено спектри випромінювання використаних пристроїв, підібрано енергоощадні опромінювачі. Проведено вимірювання параметрів росту і розвитку рослини та наведені їх порівняльні характеристики за різних умов опромінення. Розраховано енерговитрати кожного опромінювального пристрою (ОП). Показано, що комбінований опромінювальний пристрій при рівні опромінення 3 клк забезпечує кращі показники параметрів росту та розвитку рослин, але при цьому його споживання електроенергії на 26% менше.

The research results of plants irradiation conditions in the indoor ground are presented. The analysis of the light sources taking into account the irradiation spectrum and its influence on the lightculture has been carried out. The energy-saving irradiators were chosen and the irradiation spectrums of used devices have been presented. The «Flora» – type mini-greenhouses were chosen for the experiments. Two types of irradiated devices were used. They were formed from the compact luminescent lamps of Оsram Duluxstar 18W – type and red and blue LED strip lights of SMD 3528 – type. LED strip lights were used as side lighting because the possibility to use the energy-saving and semi-conductors light sources has broadened the possibilities of their application in the lightculture and the effect of their irradiation on plants growth in the indoor ground is actual.Two levels of irradiation were provided: 3000 lux and 5200 lux. The seeds of Extrosa lettuce cultivar and the seeds of Claudio F1 pepper cultivar were grown. The measuring of plants growth was held, green and dried mass of overground part and leaves, the growth index in particular, the area of leaf surface, the pure photosynthesis efficiency and the pigmental composition (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and basic carotenoids) under 16-hour light regime and constant temperature of the environment. The comparative characteristics of different irradiating conditions are presented. The light regime is caused by the plants growth due to the photosynthesis processes. It was determined that the net photosynthesis efficiency and the pigmental composition in the leaves of Claudio F1 pepper cultivar under the combined compact luminescent lamps and LED strip lights irradiation has increased by 45%, which makes possible to recommend such type of irradiators for growing of this culture seedlings. The energy consumption of every irradiated device has been calculated. It was shown that combined irradiated devices with the irradiation level of 3000 lux provide better growth parameters or the same as the irradiated devices with the compact luminescent lamps, but the consummation of electric energy is by 26% less. Taking into account all mentioned above it is reasonable to use combined luminescent lamps.