Багаторізцева головка для тонкого точіння з пружними напрямними та електромагнітним приводом

Abstract

Запропоновано конструкцію багаторізцевої головки адаптивного типу з пружними напрямними для тонкого точіння, в якій керування положення різця в процесі обробки відбувається через електромагнітний двонаправлений привод різцетримачів із мікроконтролерним інтелектуальним керуванням.

The paper deals with the design development of fine turning multi edge head of adaptive type with elastic guides in which the turning tool position control in the process of machining is performed by the bidirectional electromagnetic drive of tool holders with intellectual control system based on microcontrollers. The modern problems of fine turning as well as the problems of machining accuracy and continuous chip breakage are analyzed and search directions of manufacturing and constructive design solutions are defined. In addition to machining technology and tools improvement the conceptually new mechatronic head is developed on the base of precession mechanics, electronics, electro engineering techniques integration with particularly regard to the multi edge machining of adaptive type. Constructive design combination of operational and driving units of cutting machines linear and rotational motion mechanisms that realize the direct-action drive conception allows improving the accuracy, response speed and reducing capacity losses. The presence of automatic control system and manufacturing process control sensing elements incorporated in the given design makes the head intellectual and autonomous that allows creating advanced designs of metal cutting machine units. The tool holders of the head are rigidly connected with the electromagnet armatures that are steadily fixed to the head body. On the electromagnet armatures the elastic elements in the form of thin plates are mounted. These plates with their free ends are fixed to the bars that are connected with a head body. Except that the plates are dressed with the strain measuring sensors (SMS). SMS are connected with an amplifier as well as with microprocessor-based control system and synchronous and augmentation system. In a case of increasing of local allowance (i.e. depth of cut) as well as increasing of local hardness at one of the tools an axial cutting force occurs that is larger than each of the axial forces on the other tools. This causes the force disbalance and accordingly the respective tool displacement. The control system sends a signal of misalignment to the two other electromagnets in this way increasing the feed of the tools and adjusting the axial and radial cutting forces that deform the work piece. The similar head development and using changes actually the view on a machining technology problem transferring it to the system level that includes complex interrelations between design, manufacturing, assembling, adjusting, programming, operation, repair and maintenance as well as utilization. The design engineering of multi edge heads with electromagnetic drive provides the new design approach to the creating machines with totally new characteristics. On the base of the given calculations the following comparable investigations of machining accuracy are performed dealing with the single tool machining of cantilever work piece, single tool machining with the follow rest use and turning with the help of the developed three edge head. As a result the proposed control system gives the possibility to response quickly to the material extraneous impurities while machining as well as redistribute cutting forces in the process of cutting edges wear in the multi edge tools. The information data recording to the independent memory is also available with the following computer analyzing.